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From Communist Party of
“Marxism cannot be understood nor can it be presented in a complete way, without highlighting the works of Engels!“ (Lenin)
200 years ago on November 28, 1820, the great Frederick Engels was born! Engels one of the founders of Marxism, one of the classics of Marxism-Leninism-Maoism and the closest comrade in arms of the first of the three titans of the almighty, because it is true, the ideology of the proletariat: Karl Marx. For the 200th anniversary of his birth we want to raise his works and especially we want to highlight his great contributions to the foundation, definition and development of Marxism, which he contributed to the international proletariat under the leadership of the great Karl Marx. Frederico Engels seconded the leadership of Marx, in the nascent international communist movement (ICM), and his contributions have been essential for the further development of Marxism in Marxism-Leninism and in Marxism-Leninism-Maoism.
Engels was born in Barmen (
Engels wrote about this step: “I wanted to see you at home, observe you in your day to day life, talk with you about your life situation and pain, witness your struggles against the social and political power of your oppressors. I went on in this way: I renounced society and feasts, port wine and champagne of the middle classes and devoted myself in my spare time almost exclusively to socializing with simple workers; I am happy and proud to have acted in this way. " (Engels)
The great Frederick Engels here gives the communists of the world an incredible example of how to unite with the masses and take a strong position alongside the proletariat by living, working and fighting with the masses.
I. The unity of struggle of Karl Marx and Frederick Engels. The Marxist conception.
The two founders of
Marxism, the brilliant Karl Marx and his closest comrade in arms Frederick
Engels, began their research and their participation in the class struggle
independently of each other. Both reached similar conclusions in these
times and building on these the union of these two proletarian leaders was
erected, who would change the course of the world and in which the titan Marx
had the Headquarters, since he is the first titan and greatest representative
of the first of the three great jumps, as defined by Chairman
Gonzalo. This first time in
The great Lenin also teaches through his analysis of the exchange of letters between Karl Marx and Frederick Engels, that "by all rights the names of Karl Marx and Frederick Engels are put side by side as founders of modern socialism" (Lenin). As one of the two founders of modern socialism, of the ideology of the communists, today Marxism-Leninism-Maoism, mainly Maoism, Frederick Engels has contributed to the foundation of the scientific ideology of the class and has given contributions and developments in unity of close struggle with Karl Marx to the three parts of Marxism. These are contributions to the birth of Marxism and contributions and developments to it, which we want to highlight and underline on the 200th anniversary of his birth.
Our founders, Karl Marx and
Frederick Engels, were united in their work by an indestructible bond in
thought and action, in their entire struggle for the emancipation of the
proletariat. They are the authors of The Manifesto of the Communist Party
of 1848 with which they gave birth to the international communist
movement. Its publication coincides with the great revolutionary upsurge
of the years 1848 to 1849, which would shake the whole of Europe, from
The two-line struggle started by Engels and crowned with the work of Marx were fundamental so that in November 1847, at the II Congress of the League of the Just, the Marxist Red Faction obtained a very important victory. In this Congress, directed personally by Karl Marx and with Frederick Engels as its secretariat, the modification of the name of the League was approved, which from now on will be called the League of Communists, and changed its old motto, “All men are brothers! ", For the immortal motto: "Proletarians of all countries, unite!"
They did not "reinvent" the world, but they surpassed the limited interpretations and transformed them through their work in the service of the revolutionary transformative practice of the proletariat. They started from the most advanced that they found in the old society in the fields of political economy, socialism and philosophy. From these sources they developed the three integral parts of Marxism and appropriated the best achievements of the old society from the head, surpassed it with a dialectical-materialist synthesis and thus achieved the only ideology in the midst of the fire of the class struggle.
scientific and demystifying of the proletariat " Not in the heads of a few wise men, but in the true revolutionary struggle of the oppressed and exploited masses of the proletariat, in the growth of their organization, their conscience, their revolutionary determination, which are developed in the course of the struggle, Marx and Engels saw the guarantee for the triumph of socialism," as held by the Communist International in 1937 in the midst of the war against fascism. This is the unity of theory and practice, it is not only about interpreting the world but about transforming it (XI Thesis on Feuerbach).
Another characteristic of
the Marxist conception of Frederick Engels was permeated in the work of
political research. Not only did he receive books and statistics from all
over the world, he not only thoroughly valued them, studied them in an
exemplary fashion and appropriated the rational content of the material, but he
also did the political research. His work "The Situation of the
Working Class in
After this period of intense battles of the class struggle, Marx will go on to dedicate himself to the essential task of theoretically developing scientific socialism, completing the critique of bourgeois political economy, during the 50s and 60s. For the elaboration of Capital, in 1867, which occurs just three years after the founding of the International Workers Association. During this period, the great Engels would carry out with enormous dedication the revolutionary task of securing the organizational support of Marx, the professional leader of the proletariat.
Throughout this period he
maintained an intense correspondence with Marx, attentively discussing all the
progress of the revolutionary and proletarian struggle in
The complete genius of comrades in arms Karl Marx and Federico Engels is described in a letter from Paul Lafargue, which also demonstrates the role of Federico Engels' contributions:
"Marx never tired of being amazed at the universality of Frederick Engels' knowledge , as well as his elasticity, which allowed him to move from one topic to another with ease, and Engels liked to recognize the power of Marxist analysis and synthesis. "With this it is completely clear that Frederick Engels was decisive for the forging of Marxism and above all he could be decisive, because the highest synthesis was with Marx. The synthesis, as Chairman Gonzalo teaches us repeatedly, is decisive. This is exactly why Frederick Engels was able to fulfill his role as one of the founders of Marxism in such an exemplary, complete and brilliant way, because he recognized Marx's "power of synthesis", because he placed himself under his leadership and defended all his life the Headship of Carlos Marx with incredible commitment. That is why he declared with a view to the international proletarian movement of his time, that "Marx far surpassed him for his genius, scientific accuracy and his wisdom." (Engels) and more: “Without him [-Marx] today's theory It would not be nearly that, what it is now. That is why it is rightfully named after him." (Engels) And this name represents the eternal Marx-Engels unity of struggle!
II. The work of Federico Engels as one of the founders of Marxism.
The great Frederick Engels was famous in the international proletariat movement for his energetic defense of communist principles and the powerful Lenin, Head of the Great October Socialist Revolution, declared forcefully, that Engels “was a merciless enemy of bringing philistinism in communism." (Lenin)
A great expression of this position of Frederick Engels was his fight against Proudhon, which was leading it even before the publication of his book "The Philosophy of Misery", and which was an important basis for the devastating and elemental work of Marx "The misery of philosophy". In this fight against Proudhon, Engels pointed out with force, that "the main thing was to demonstrate the necessity of violent revolution" (Engels). And against all forces that want to divide Frederick Engels from Marx and desperately try to create division in his indivisible work, against all those who later tried to falsify the work of Frederick Engels and put it in the hands of the revisionists, was also Frederick Engels, who in This early struggle against Proudhon, in 1846, defined violent revolution as one of the three general criteria and as the general means of communism. This definition of "violent revolution" as the principle of communism resulted as part of Frederick Engels' intensive occupation with questions of military science and he was the first, who put military science directly at the service of the proletariat.
On this question, Frederick Engels gave the international proletariat decisive indications on questions of military tactics and military methods, putting the military line in strong relation to the development of the proletariat and capitalist society, declared that the barricade struggle was an aging and useless tactic and that the proletariat and its party with historical development had to find new forms of war in the revolution. He pointed out the need for the prolongation of new forms of the revolution, when he warned “(not) to see the revolution as something that is solved overnight. In fact, it is a process of many years of development of the masses under accelerating circumstances "(Engels) He further pointed out that the proletariat has to rally behind itself the people against the bourgeoisie, in order to lead its revolution to victory. The "new forms" mentioned by Engels were given to the proletariat, through the path of the Great October Socialist Revolution and find their highest development in the military theory of the proletariat, the protracted people's war, of another of the three great titans of our class, Chairman Mao Tse-tung. Head of the Chinese Revolution and the world revolution.
In the fight against the low and detestable Proudhon it was also Frederick Engels, who made decisive contributions by laying the base of that contingent, from which the Social Democratic Party of Germany (later the Communist Party of Germany) would be formed, since it was he who led the meeting in which this group was liberated from the influence of the anarchists and Proudhon and was placed under the leadership of Marxism. Engels asserted himself here as a pioneer for the proletarian party, the creation of which was from the beginning a major goal in the great fighting friendship of Marx and Engels. When we talk about Frederick Engels and the party of the proletariat, then we also talk about the proletarian internationalism. This is essential! Engels's contributions to the international proletariat movement, by the First International Workers' Association and the Second International are immeasurable.
The struggle that took place in the formation of the Communists and the constitution of the Communist Party in the times of the First International, was viewed with high regard by Karl Marx and the exchange of letters between the two founders of Marxism on this subject teaches very well, who acted in a planned manner, in close agreement and with strong unity. That is why Karl Marx entrusted Frederick Engels with the draft of the "Manifesto of the Communist Party." After Marx's death, it was Engels who continued his work and he understood very well to lead the Second International as an instrument of struggle against opportunism and revisionism. With her as organ and instrument, May Day as the International Day of Combat of the Proletariat was personally initiated by Frederick Engels, with which Engels highlighted the meaning of "International Action". Precisely in the fight against Kautsky's misconceptions, the great Frederick Engels declared within the Second International the increasing importance of anti-colonial struggles and the peasant question, from - as Lenin defined it and Chairman Mao declared it, giving guidance - the second great force of the International Communist Movement (two great forces of the revolutionary movement: the international proletarian movement that occurs throughout the world and the national liberation movement that takes place in the oppressed nations), and it dealt intensively with questions of the revolution in Ireland, Algeria, India and more colonial countries.
In relation to the anti-colonial struggles, it is necessary to recall the importance that Marx and Engels gave to the struggle of the peasantry to culminate the bourgeois revolution in Germany, the Marxist thesis of the need for the alliance of the proletariat with the peasantry and the democratic revolution that would be developed by Lenin and Chairman Mao with the new democratic revolution.
An important milestone for
understanding the importance of the peasantry's struggle for the proletarian
revolution is Engels's "The Peasant War in
In these works Engels will establish the impossibility of the German bourgeoisie to lead its own revolution; that therefore it would be up to the proletariat and its party to lead the democratic revolution in Germany; that the main ally of the proletariat in the democratic revolution was the peasantry; and from the military point of view the limitation of the insurrectionary path. In Revolution and Counterrevolution , Engels establishes the Marxist analysis model for the study of a given country. It presents initially the study of German society, then the class character of its state and finally the speech on the necessary revolution. This model of analysis was applied in a creative way by Chairman Mao in his Presentation of the Magazine El Comunista, as by Chairman Gonzalo at the PCP[1] Party Unity Base .
Engels's analysis of the
third insurrection in
The
articles by Marx and Engels in the New Rhenish Gazette on the
national and peasant question are highly topical. Analyzing the Polish
national liberation struggle, Marx emphasizes: that "the Poles
understood even then that their independence was inseparable, abroad, from
the overthrow of the aristocracy and depended, inside, on land
reform." He establishes the bases of the peasant question for
the semi - colonial countries by affirming
that: “The great agricultural countries nestled between the sea The
Baltic and the Black Sea can only emerge from patriarchal-feudal barbarism
through a revolution that turns peasant serfs or those subject to personal
benefits into free owners of their land, a revolution that is in the
countryside the same as the French carried out in 1789. The Polish nation
deserves the credit of having been the first to proclaim this among all
neighboring agricultural peoples. " And he concludes by linking
the Polish struggle with the German revolution: "The establishment of
a democratic
Key questions of
Marxism-Leninism-Maoism are settled on these points. We see how the
foundations of what Comrade Stalin would synthesize in a higher way when he
says that "the colonial and semi- colonial question is
in essence the peasant question" stand since Marx and Engels. We
also see in Marxism, the foundations of the Marxist-Leninist line that in
the Great October Socialist Revolution combined the slogan of the
nationalization of lands with Lenin's call to the peasants to "Go and
take the lands!" There is also the fundamental question of the
relationship between the Proletarian Revolution in the imperialist countries
and the National Liberation Movement. As Marx would once again
affirm: “Although
Engels declared that these revolutions were not abstract, formal questions of equality, but were of decisive significance for the class struggle. But not only the fight against Kautsky's early deviations, but also the criticism of Bernstein was powerful and the opportunists only dared to show their bourgeois and dirty theories only after the death of Engels.
Just as Frederick Engels fought unswervingly and on principle against anarchism and Proudhonism at the time of the First International Workers' Association, where he lashed out at “left” opportunism, sectarianism and the encapsulation of the masses, now leading the Second International put right-wing opportunism in its line of fire and delivered sobering blows against parliamentary cretinism and legalism.
With the physical disappearance of Karl Marx, on March 14, 1883 Engels not only defended but also developed Marxism. In 1885, he prepared Volume II of Capital for the press, which Marx left practically ready for publication and played a fundamental role in the conclusion of Volume III. With that publication, Engels completed the most important scientific work of Marxism, which cannot be understood separately. And it was Engels who ensured the comprehensive presentation of the Marxist political economy, what he himself called "the most fearsome projectile ever launched at the head of the bourgeoisie and landowners. "
As Head of the international proletariat, Engels was able to continue developing Marxism, and it is from this period that he produced classics such as The Origin of
Family, Property and State, in 1884, in which Engels establishes the scientific bases for the development of the Marxist line for the feminine question; in addition to developing the Marxist theory of the State.
In 1886, we have Ludwig Feuerbach and the end of classical German philosophy, in which Engels scientifically distinguishes the difference between materialism and idealism, between dialectics and metaphysics; in addition to establishing which are the central questions of Marxist philosophy: the theory of knowledge and dialectical logic. These questions masterfully developed by Lenin in Materialism and Empriocriticism and in the Philosophical Notebooks; and brilliantly completed by Chairman Mao in On Practice and On Contradiction.
When in October 1878
the Junker government of
Fighting the opportunistic right-wing line, Engels produced the Circular Letter , addressed to the leadership of the SPD, that letter is also signed by Marx and was entirely written by Engels. In the Charter , it is reaffirmed that in the statutes of the International: "We formulate the battle cry: the liberation of the working class must be the work of the working class itself." Fighting the electoral and economist positions, Engels reveals that the opportunist right-wing line defends that the Party "instead of giving weight to objectives that go far, that frighten the bourgeoisie and that, but are unattainable in our generation, (...) it must first use all its strength and energy in those petty-bourgeois patchwork reforms that give the old order of society new support ". We can see in this passage the development of the Marxist conception of the party, which would later be fully developed by Lenin in his theory of the party of a new type, in the struggle against Bernstein's thesis that the movement is everything and the objectives are nothing. Finally, Engels maintains the necessity of the split with opportunism affirming that: "For almost 40 years we have put in evidence the class struggle as the motor power of history and, especially, the class struggle between the bourgeoisie and the proletariat, as the great lever of modern social revolution; it is impossible, therefore, let us accompany people who want to exclude this class struggle from the movement."
This is how Engels defended and developed the legacy of Marx, this is how he imposed Marxism in the Second International, after the death of the great Frederick Engels only a few years passed and Lenin, founder and Head of the Communist International, was in the Head of the International Communist Movement, he defended the legacy of Karl Marx and Fedrico Engels and developed it under the circumstances of the moment to a great leap to the stage of Leninism, for which the great Lenin stands out especially among the greats. The magnificent Lenin relied heavily on this work again and again and revered it in particular, because so many of the predictions that Frederick Engels had left for the international proletariat came true as he had predicted, which shows the enormous ideological force and the deep understanding of Frederick Engels, The most surprising thing is, that so much of what Engels had predicted happened 'as he had written it' "
But the magnificent Lenin not only built on the basis of the political legacy of Frederick Engels, also in matters of political economy the ideological relationship of the great Frederick Engels with the Head of the Great October Socialist Revolution, VI Lenin, was of decisive significance, since they were the notes written by Engels at the end of his life on the development of monopolies and their economic significance, which served as inspiration and nourishment for the transcendental work "Imperialism, the highest and last phase of capitalism." The explanations of Frederick Engels on the early development of monopolies correspond to his fine sense and his deep understanding of economic changes, problems and laws, which he had already demonstrated early in 1844 with his text “Contours towards a critique of the national economy”, which was valued by Karl Marx as the “first brilliant sketch on the critique of the economic category”(Karl Marx).
In the field of philosophy,
it was Federico Engels who exposed the materialist conception of Marxism, which
can be summarized in “ not criticism, but revolution is the driving force
of history, also of religion, philosophy and more theories. It shows that
the story does not end (...) ” (Engels). And consequently to that, he
continued until the end of his life working two-line struggle to promote
the revolution. That is why we highlight the struggles of two final lines
led by the great Engels: in the Critique of the Erfurt Program, 1891, in which
he recognizes the development of the left in the direction of the SPD, but
identifies very important failures, among which: the lack of the democratic
claim of the one and undivided Republic in Germany; and the absence of the
defense of the dictatorship of the proletariat, as well as the criticism of the
agrarian and peasant program in the Parties of Germany and France, in 1894.
And, finally, the forceful defense of revolutionary violence in the
Introduction to Class Struggles in
It is known that Federico Engels played the role, in close correspondence with the head of the international proletariat, Karl Marx, of first making a systematic approach to the Marxist theory of violence. He did this in the so-called "Anti-Dühring", which is the first systematic approach to Marxism as an ideology, which found explicit approval from the giant Karl Marx.
The transcendental importance of the Anti-Dühring work is that it is in it, for the first time, the systematization of Marxism as the integral doctrine of the proletariat in its three component parts: Marxist philosophy, Marxist political economy and scientific socialism. In the Philosophy section, Engels establishes important philosophical syntheses, showing that the Marxist philosophical conception is materialist-dialectical, affirms that "materialism is essentially dialectical" and that "movement is the way of existence of matter". In the Anti-Dühring this founder of Marxism destroys the natural philosophical (metaphysical) dualism, thus laying the basis for Lenin to then devastatingly criticize the evolution from natural philosophical (metaphysical) dualism to monism through his work "Materialism and Empirio-criticism ”. By demonstrating the universality of dialectics, Engels founds what would later be developed by Chairman Mao: the universality of contradiction. That is why both works are inseparable and Lenin developed Marxism on this issue under the challenges and questions of a new era. And it was Chairman Mao Tse-tung who with his brilliant work " On Contradiction " led the laws raised in the Anti-Dühring on new developments and new systematization towards the new, third and higher stage of Marxism, Maoism, with what that posed the contradiction as the only law of dialectics.
In the Political Economy section, Engels establishes quite clearly the relationship between economics, politics, and war; in addition to introducing important aspects treated by Marx in the first book of Capital, such as the theory of value and surplus value. In the section Socialism, Engels makes the distinction between scientific, Marxist socialism, and utopian petty-bourgeois socialism; differentiating, however, what were the utopian positions (advanced in their time), from contemporary opportunist positions.
III. The legacy of Frederick Engels
It is of deep symbolic significance for the international proletariat, that in this year of the 200th anniversary of the birth of Frederick Engels, we also celebrate the 150th anniversary of the birth of the great and great Lenin, both heads of the world proletariat!
This symbolic coincidence
the communists take as an occasion to increase their efforts in directing the
people's wars, in their development or in preparing their start. What the
great Engels has given to Marxism lives on in the people's wars in
The contributions of the great Frederick Engels to Marxism live in the current struggles of the communists, for which reason Engels's work is not only a chronological part of our history, but also part of our action, our plans and our efforts, to unite more with the masses, reconstitute or constitute, develop and defend the militarized communist parties and plant ever higher the red flag of the international proletariat, of communism. Where this could be better expressed, than with the communists, who today with all determination.
Engels is a contemporary in our struggles. His teachings, which he contributed to Marxism under the leadership of Marx as one of the classics, always warns us again, that we have to understand, that the application of Marxism-Leninism-Maoism, mainly Maoism is the great challenge and the question for the development of the proletarian revolution in each of the countries; Without specification as the guiding thought of the all-powerful ideology of the proletariat, all-powerful because it is true, there will be no decisive progress in each concrete revolution. We reaffirm ourselves that the union of communists worldwide on the basis of Marxism-Leninism-Maoism, mainly Maoism, will serve its concrete application to each specific revolution in service of the World Proletarian Revolution, as Engels personally taught the Communists. It is the Communist International, the one we have to reconstitute and it is going to be, as Engels described it, an “International of action”!
Karl Marx, Lenin and Chairman Mao, the three peaks within the classics, highlighted the importance of Engels for Marxism in an exemplary way. We make our own the words of the great Lenin when he said: … Marxism cannot be understood, nor can it be presented in a complete way, without highlighting the works of Engels. On the occasion of the 200th anniversary of the birth of Frederick Engels we want to reaffirm and take up with all our might this important declaration.
Slogans for the celebration of the Bicentennial of Federico Engel:
LONG LIVE THE 200TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE BIRTH OF FEDERICO ENGELS!
PROLETARIANS OF ALL COUNTRIES, UNITE!
LONG LIVE THE WORK OF MARX-ENGELS!
DOWN WITH REVISIONISM! LONG LIVE MAOISM!
AND WE ALL SHOUT TOGETHER:
LONG LIVE MARXISM-LENINISM-MAOISM, MAINLY MAOISM!
LONG LIVE THE UNIFIED INTERNATIONAL MAOIST CONFERENCE AND THE FORMATION OF A NEW INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION OF THE PROLETARIAT!
FOR THE RECONSTITUTION OF THE COMMUNIST INTERNATIONAL!
LONG LIVE THE WORLD PROLETARIAN REVOLUTION!
FIRMS:
Communist Party of
Revolutionary Nucleus for
the Reconstitution of the Communist Party of
Committees for the founding
of the Communist Party (Maoist) in
Communist Party of
Red Faction of the
Communist Party of
Communist Party of
Serve the People -
Communist League of
Communist Party of
Committee for the
Reconstitution of the Communist Party of the
Red Flag Committee - RFA
Maoist Committee in
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